Molecular identification of <i>bla</i>TEM and <i>bla</i>CTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia

Abstract Introduction Escherichia coli is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of E. developing multidrug resistance currently the subject extensive research. objective this study was to molecularly identify bla TEM CTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant found milk samples from dairy cattle farms Tulungagung, Indonesia. Material Methods One hundred ten were collected 45 Indole, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer citrate tests triple iron sugar agar used . Multidrug determined isolates through antibiotic sensitivity using tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol aztreonam. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase enzyme production confirmed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular identification performed confirm genes. Results one (91.82%) strains isolated samples. showed four (3.96%) (MDR) (0.99%) ESBL-positive DDST confirmation. There three (77.78%) gene discovered MDR PCR for molecular identification. Conclusion findings encoding ESBL Indonesia concerning argues prompt action stop emergence which has impact on public health.